Endometriosis

Endometriosis occurs when tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside the uterus. It can cause pain and may affect fertility, although many women conceive naturally or with treatment.

Endometriosis is a common, yet often misunderstood condition that can affect fertility. It occurs when tissue similar to the lining of the womb (the endometrium) starts to grow outside the uterus, often around the ovaries, fallopian tubes, or pelvic lining.

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At Child Fertility, our specialists offer world-class diagnosis and treatment for endometriosis, helping women across Saudi Arabia manage symptoms, protect fertility, and achieve successful pregnancies.

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On this page

What is endometriosis?What causes endometriosis?Endometriosis & fertility explained Symptoms of endometriosis How is endometriosis diagnosed?Can you get pregnant with endometriosis?Endometriosis treatment options When should you see a fertility specialist?FAQ

What is endometriosis?

Endometriosis affects an estimated 10-20% of women of reproductive age. It is a chronic condition, where cells similar to those in the womb lining grow elsewhere in the body. Each month, these cells respond to hormonal changes in the same way as the womb lining; thickening, breaking down, and bleeding. However, because this tissue has no way to leave the body, it can cause inflammation, pain, and scar tissue to form.

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The severity of endometriosis can vary greatly. Some women experience severe symptoms, while others have no noticeable signs at all. In many cases, the condition is only discovered during investigations for infertility or pelvic pain.

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What causes endometriosis?

The exact cause is not fully understood, but several factors may contribute:

Retrograde menstruation, where menstrual blood flows backward through the fallopian tubes
Genetic predisposition, as it can run in families
Immune system dysfunction, affecting how the body responds to endometrial tissue
Hormonal factors, particularly the influence of estrogen

These factors can lead to inflammation, scar tissue, and adhesions, which may affect fertility. Early diagnosis and personalised management can help protect reproductive health.

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Endometriosis & fertility explained

Endometriosis affects roughly 1 in 5 women, and is one of the most under-diagnosed causes of pelvic pain and infertility. Professor Tim Child explains how to recognise the signs, how endometriosis is diagnosed (and why a normal scan doesn’t always rule it out), and how IVF can deliver excellent outcomes for women with endometriosis.

Symptoms of endometriosis

Symptoms of endometriosis can vary and may overlap with other conditions, which is why expert assessment is essential.

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Common signs include:

Pelvic pain, especially in the week or two before and during your period
Pain during intercourse
Heavy, painful or irregular periods
Pain when using the toilet during menstruation
Fatigue or low energy
Difficulty conceiving

It’s important to seek advice. Early diagnosis allows for more effective management and helps protect fertility over time.

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How is endometriosis diagnosed?

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At Child Fertility, diagnosis typically involves a detailed medical consultation and history and a pelvic examination and high-resolution ultrasound to detect cysts or scarring. Where appropriate, radiology-based imaging, such as MRI, may be used to provide a more detailed assessment. In some instances, a laparoscopy may be needed to confirm diagnosis. This is a minimally invasive keyhole procedure, during which endometriosis can sometimes also be treated.

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Our endometriosis diagnosis and treatments are based on the latest research and clinical practice, ensuring the highest standards of accuracy and care.

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Can you get pregnant with endometriosis?

Endometriosis can affect fertility in several ways. It may cause inflammation around the reproductive organs, scar tissue that restricts movement of the fallopian tubes or ovaries, or the formation of ovarian cysts. These factors can make it more difficult for the egg and sperm to meet, or for an embryo to implant successfully.

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However, many women with endometriosis conceive naturally, and for others, fertility treatments can be very effective. At Child Fertility, we take a comprehensive, personalised approach, focusing not only on symptom relief, but also on optimising egg quality, ovarian function, and implantation potential.

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Treatment for endometriosis depends on your symptoms, fertility goals and individual circumstances. Learn more about how reproductive surgery may fit into your fertility treatment plan.

Endometriosis treatment options

While endometriosis cannot be completely cured, its symptoms and impact on fertility can be managed effectively. The best treatment depends on your individual symptoms, the severity of the condition, and your reproductive goals.

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At Child Fertility, your tailored plan may include:

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Medical management

Hormonal treatments to help slow the growth of endometrial tissue and reduce inflammation.

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Surgical treatment

Laparoscopic (keyhole) surgery can be used to remove or destroy endometriosis tissue and adhesions, often improving pain and fertility outcomes.

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Lifestyle and nutritional support

Targeted advice to help manage inflammation and promote hormonal balance.

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Fertility treatment

For those who struggle to conceive naturally, IVF can offer excellent success rates. Our lab techniques and world-leading protocols ensure your embryos receive the highest standard of care.

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Every treatment plan is uniquely designed and personally overseen by our specialist team, including Oxford-trained clinicians, to provide precise, compassionate care tailored to your needs.

Taking the first step toward understanding your fertility starts with knowledge. Learn more about female reproductive health on our Female Fertility page.

When should you see a fertility specialist?

You should consider consulting a fertility specialist if:

You experience pelvic pain, painful periods, or pain during intercourse
You have difficulty conceiving after 12 months of trying (or six months if over 35)
You have a history of endometriosis, ovarian cysts, or pelvic inflammatory disease

Timely consultation allows our team to design a personalised plan that addresses both symptom management and fertility optimisation.

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Every treatment plan is uniquely designed and personally overseen by our specialist team, including Oxford-trained clinicians, to provide precise, compassionate care tailored to your needs.

Frequently asked questions

Can you get pregnant with endometriosis?

Yes. Many women with endometriosis conceive naturally. For those who face challenges, fertility treatments such as IVF can be very effective. Our approach combines symptom management with strategies to optimise egg quality, ovarian function, and implantation potential.

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Does endometriosis always cause infertility?

No. While endometriosis can affect fertility by causing inflammation or scarring, some women experience no issues with conception. The impact varies depending on the location and severity of the condition.

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What stage of endometriosis affects fertility?

Fertility may be more affected in moderate to severe stages, where scar tissue or adhesions impact the ovaries or fallopian tubes. However, even mild cases can occasionally cause difficulties, which is why individual assessment is essential.

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Is IVF successful with endometriosis?

Yes. IVF can be highly effective for women with endometriosis. Our advanced lab techniques and personalised protocols aim to maximise success rates, even in complex cases.

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Can endometriosis come back after treatment?

Recurrence is possible, especially after surgery, but careful monitoring, medical management, and lifestyle support can reduce the risk. Our team develops strategies to manage symptoms and maintain fertility over time.

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Take the first step

If you’re experiencing pelvic pain, painful periods, or have been trying to conceive without success, we can help.

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Our team will guide you through diagnosis and develop a treatment plan that supports both your wellbeing and your future fertility.

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